1.4 describe and explain experiments to investigate the small size of particles and their movement including: 1. dilution of coloured solutions; 2. diffusion experiments

1.4 •dilution: •place potassium manganate in a beaker of water

                               •the colour spreads  as the particles are diffusing among the water particles

                     

                      •if you add more water, it becomes less purple, diluting it as the potassium manganate particles spread further apart

        •diffusion: •HCL at one end an NH3 at the other

                         •NH4CL is created when they meet as a ring 

                                   •ammonia must have travelled faster, as lighter particles travel faster - so ammonia is a lighter gas

                        •bromine gas is strong smelling 

                        •fill a glass jar half with bromine gas and half with air, separated by a glass plate

                                   •when you remove the glass plate, you’ll see the brown gas diffusing slowly through the air

                                             •the random motion of particles means that the bromine will eventually diffuse right through the air